Paleoaltimetry of tibetan Plateau http://geosci.uchicago.edu/%7Erowley/Rowley/Paleoaltimetry-3.html Reconstructions of the paleoaltimetry of various basins in southern and central Tibet based on oxygen isotopes. This page is best viewed by double clicking on the first image and then paging through the other images rather than as a slide show which hides associated text. Fram Rowley and Garzione (2007) http://geosci.uchicago.edu/%7Erowley/Rowley/Paleoaltimetry-3.html#0 cdb24398-ce87-4dac-ab5e-42f08de631c8 http://geosci.uchicago.edu/%7Erowley/Rowley/Paleoaltimetry-3_files/Media/droppedImage/thumb.jpg http://geosci.uchicago.edu/%7Erowley/Rowley/Paleoaltimetry-3_files/Media/droppedImage/micro.jpg <div style="padding: 0px; " class="image_cluster_layout_style_default_External_0_0"><div class="image_cluster_layout_style_default"><p style="padding-bottom: 0pt; padding-top: 0pt; " class="Caption">Fram Rowley and Garzione (2007)</p></div></div> Figure 10 from Rowley and Garzione (2007) Summary of paleoelevation evolution of the Himalayas (red ) and southern (dark blue), central (light blue), and northern (green) Tibet plateau based primarily on fossil faunal and floral data [see ovals, triangles, and stratigraphic ranges (boxes) from Mercier et al. (1987)]. The horizontal dimension of the boxes represents uncertainty of age, and the vertical dimension estimated uncertainty of elevation. Dashed lines represent previous estimates of the elevation history. Solid lines represent elevation histories constrained by isotoped-based paleoaltimetry. The upper gray curve is a generalized curve reflecting crust and mantle lithosphere thickening followed by convective removal of the mantle lithosphere at approximately 8 Ma based on England & Houseman (1986) and Molnar et al. (1993). The lower gray curve is based on faunal and floral interpretations as in Mercier et al. (1987). http://geosci.uchicago.edu/%7Erowley/Rowley/Paleoaltimetry-3.html#1 6a16d73d-6ff2-4001-9342-3fe6d5fcd096 http://geosci.uchicago.edu/%7Erowley/Rowley/Paleoaltimetry-3_files/Media/droppedImage_1/thumb.jpg http://geosci.uchicago.edu/%7Erowley/Rowley/Paleoaltimetry-3_files/Media/droppedImage_1/micro.jpg <div style="padding: 0px; " class="image_cluster_layout_style_default_External_0_0"><div class="image_cluster_layout_style_default"><p style="padding-top: 0pt; " class="Caption">Figure 10 from Rowley and Garzione (2007)<br/></p><p style="padding-bottom: 0pt; " class="paragraph_style"><span style="line-height: 10px; " class="style_1">Summary of paleoelevation evolution of the Himalayas (red</span><span style="line-height: 14px; " class="style_2"> </span><span style="line-height: 10px; " class="style_1">) and southern (dark blue), central</span><span style="line-height: 14px; " class="style_2"> </span><span style="line-height: 10px; " class="style_1"> (light blue), and northern (green) Tibet plateau based primarily on fossil faunal and floral data</span><span style="line-height: 14px; " class="style_2"> </span><span style="line-height: 10px; " class="style_1"> [see</span><span style="line-height: 14px; " class="style_2"> </span><span style="line-height: 10px; " class="style_1">ovals,</span><span style="line-height: 14px; " class="style_2"> </span><span style="line-height: 10px; " class="style_1">triangles, and stratigraphic ranges (boxes) from Mercier et al. (1987)]. The horizontal</span><span style="line-height: 14px; " class="style_2"> </span><span style="line-height: 10px; " class="style_1"> dimension of the boxes represents uncertainty of age, and the vertical dimension estimated</span><span style="line-height: 14px; " class="style_2"> </span><span style="line-height: 10px; " class="style_1">uncertainty of elevation. Dashed lines represent previous estimates of the elevation history.</span><span style="line-height: 14px; " class="style_2"> </span><span style="line-height: 10px; " class="style_1">Solid lines represent elevation histories constrained by isotoped-based paleoaltimetry. The</span><span style="line-height: 14px; " class="style_2"> </span><span style="line-height: 10px; " class="style_1">upper gray curve is a generalized curve reflecting crust and mantle lithosphere thickening</span><span style="line-height: 14px; " class="style_2"> </span><span style="line-height: 10px; " class="style_1">followed by convective removal of the mantle lithosphere at approximately 8 Ma based on</span><span style="line-height: 14px; " class="style_2"> </span><span style="line-height: 10px; " class="style_1">England &amp; Houseman (1986) and Molnar et al. (1993). The lower gray curve is based on</span><span style="line-height: 14px; " class="style_2"> </span><span style="line-height: 10px; " class="style_1">faunal and floral interpretations as in Mercier et al. (1987).</span><span style="line-height: 14px; " class="style_2"> </span></p></div></div> Himalaya and Tibetan plateau locations from which paleoelevation estimates have been published. Retrodicted size of the plateau above 4000 m as a function of time derived by scaling India-Asia convergence as discussed by Rowley & Currie (2006). http://geosci.uchicago.edu/%7Erowley/Rowley/Paleoaltimetry-3.html#2 9dc5fb55-6172-4631-83ca-b002fa1c86ee http://geosci.uchicago.edu/%7Erowley/Rowley/Paleoaltimetry-3_files/Media/droppedImage_2/thumb.jpg http://geosci.uchicago.edu/%7Erowley/Rowley/Paleoaltimetry-3_files/Media/droppedImage_2/micro.jpg <div style="padding: 0px; " class="image_cluster_layout_style_default_External_0_0"><div class="image_cluster_layout_style_default"><p style="padding-bottom: 0pt; padding-top: 0pt; " class="paragraph_style"><span style="line-height: 10px; " class="style_1">Himalaya and Tibetan plateau locations from which paleoelevation estimates have been</span><span style="line-height: 14px; " class="style_2"> </span><span style="line-height: 10px; " class="style_1">published. Retrodicted size of the plateau above 4000 m as a function of time derived by</span><span style="line-height: 14px; " class="style_2"> </span><span style="line-height: 10px; " class="style_1">scaling India-Asia convergence as discussed by Rowley &amp; Currie (2006).</span></p></div></div> From Currie, Rowley and Tabor (2004) Location map of the Oiyug Basin relative to Tibetan Plateau with detailed inset map of sites of modern waters (gray stars) and paleo-sites (black stars). http://geosci.uchicago.edu/%7Erowley/Rowley/Paleoaltimetry-3.html#3 81610576-5b6a-415a-8ce2-26b6c1d3f3ef http://geosci.uchicago.edu/%7Erowley/Rowley/Paleoaltimetry-3_files/Media/droppedImage_3/thumb.jpg http://geosci.uchicago.edu/%7Erowley/Rowley/Paleoaltimetry-3_files/Media/droppedImage_3/micro.jpg <div style="padding: 0px; " class="image_cluster_layout_style_default_External_0_0"><div class="image_cluster_layout_style_default"><p style="padding-top: 0pt; " class="Caption">From Currie, Rowley and Tabor (2004) <br/></p><p style="padding-bottom: 0pt; " class="Caption">Location map of the Oiyug Basin relative to Tibetan Plateau with detailed inset map of sites of modern waters (gray stars) and paleo-sites (black stars).</p></div></div> From Currie, Rowley and Tabor (2004) Stratigraphic section of the northwest corner of the Oiyug Basin. Note Spicer et al. (2003) isotopically constrained fossil floral locality relative to carbonate nodule horizons. http://geosci.uchicago.edu/%7Erowley/Rowley/Paleoaltimetry-3.html#4 62d7c1c1-69bc-46af-ac18-81a536e7cdac http://geosci.uchicago.edu/%7Erowley/Rowley/Paleoaltimetry-3_files/Media/droppedImage_4/thumb.jpg http://geosci.uchicago.edu/%7Erowley/Rowley/Paleoaltimetry-3_files/Media/droppedImage_4/micro.jpg <div style="padding: 0px; " class="image_cluster_layout_style_default_External_0_0"><div class="image_cluster_layout_style_default"><p style="padding-top: 0pt; " class="Caption">From Currie, Rowley and Tabor (2004) <br/></p><p style="padding-bottom: 0pt; " class="Caption">Stratigraphic section of the northwest corner of the Oiyug Basin. Note Spicer et al. (2003) isotopically constrained fossil floral locality relative to carbonate nodule horizons.</p></div></div> From Currie, Rowley and Tabor (2004) Carbonate-derived estimates of paleo-surface waters and inferred paleoelevations of the Oiyug basin at about 15 Ma. Note the similarity to the Spicer et al (2003) estimate of paleoelevation using floral physiognomic approach. http://geosci.uchicago.edu/%7Erowley/Rowley/Paleoaltimetry-3.html#5 043dd74d-9dd5-4b3c-9f9d-3735b7dcdd83 http://geosci.uchicago.edu/%7Erowley/Rowley/Paleoaltimetry-3_files/Media/droppedImage_5/thumb.jpg http://geosci.uchicago.edu/%7Erowley/Rowley/Paleoaltimetry-3_files/Media/droppedImage_5/micro.jpg <div style="padding: 0px; " class="image_cluster_layout_style_default_External_0_0"><div class="image_cluster_layout_style_default"><p style="padding-top: 0pt; " class="Caption">From Currie, Rowley and Tabor (2004) <br/></p><p style="padding-bottom: 0pt; " class="Caption">Carbonate-derived estimates of paleo-surface waters and inferred paleoelevations of the Oiyug basin at about 15 Ma. Note the similarity to the Spicer et al (2003) estimate of paleoelevation using floral physiognomic approach. </p></div></div> From Rowley and Currie (2006) Location map of the Lunpola Basin relative to Tibetan Plateau. Inset map shows detail of section location. http://geosci.uchicago.edu/%7Erowley/Rowley/Paleoaltimetry-3.html#6 2dabb09c-84d4-4be6-83c5-784115d6d4b3 http://geosci.uchicago.edu/%7Erowley/Rowley/Paleoaltimetry-3_files/Media/droppedImage_6/thumb.jpg http://geosci.uchicago.edu/%7Erowley/Rowley/Paleoaltimetry-3_files/Media/droppedImage_6/micro.jpg <div style="padding: 0px; " class="image_cluster_layout_style_default_External_0_0"><div class="image_cluster_layout_style_default"><p style="padding-top: 0pt; " class="Caption">From Rowley and Currie (2006)<br/></p><p style="padding-bottom: 0pt; " class="Caption">Location map of the Lunpola Basin relative to Tibetan Plateau. Inset map shows detail of section location.</p></div></div> Stratigraphic section through the late Eocene Upper Niubao paleosols. http://geosci.uchicago.edu/%7Erowley/Rowley/Paleoaltimetry-3.html#7 d3cfd7a0-ca35-4a9f-a8de-c5de4fb5596c http://geosci.uchicago.edu/%7Erowley/Rowley/Paleoaltimetry-3_files/Media/lunpola%20soil%20section/thumb.jpg http://geosci.uchicago.edu/%7Erowley/Rowley/Paleoaltimetry-3_files/Media/lunpola%20soil%20section/micro.jpg <div style="padding: 0px; " class="image_cluster_layout_style_default_External_0_0"><div class="image_cluster_layout_style_default"><p style="padding-bottom: 0pt; padding-top: 0pt; " class="Caption">Stratigraphic section through the late Eocene Upper Niubao paleosols.</p></div></div> Unpublished cross-section through the sampled section in the hanging wall of a south-vergent fault-propagation fold in the northern Lunpola Basin (see section B on inset map for location on previous image). Section constructed using Tri-Shear modeling program available from Rick Almendinger at Cornell. http://geosci.uchicago.edu/%7Erowley/Rowley/Paleoaltimetry-3.html#8 414c50c8-cf5e-42be-9bca-ba019742f00a http://geosci.uchicago.edu/%7Erowley/Rowley/Paleoaltimetry-3_files/Media/droppedImage_7/thumb.jpg http://geosci.uchicago.edu/%7Erowley/Rowley/Paleoaltimetry-3_files/Media/droppedImage_7/micro.jpg <div style="padding: 0px; " class="image_cluster_layout_style_default_External_0_0"><div class="image_cluster_layout_style_default"><p style="padding-bottom: 0pt; padding-top: 0pt; " class="Caption">Unpublished cross-section through the sampled section in the hanging wall of a south-vergent fault-propagation fold in the northern Lunpola Basin (see section B on inset map for location on previous image). Section constructed using Tri-Shear modeling program available from Rick Almendinger at Cornell.</p></div></div> From Rowley and Currie (2006) Estimated isotopic composition of paleo-surface and soil waters from Lunpola Basin carbonates. Middle Nuibao and Dingqing Formations are lacustrine carbonates, Upper Niobao are paleosol-derived carbonate nodules. Inset graph of expected relationship of δ18Oc versus δ13Cc during evaporation as indicated with the arrow. http://geosci.uchicago.edu/%7Erowley/Rowley/Paleoaltimetry-3.html#9 a779c2d3-ffb5-4ec7-8a07-d9b2ec6c435c http://geosci.uchicago.edu/%7Erowley/Rowley/Paleoaltimetry-3_files/Media/droppedImage_8/thumb.jpg http://geosci.uchicago.edu/%7Erowley/Rowley/Paleoaltimetry-3_files/Media/droppedImage_8/micro.jpg <div style="padding: 0px; " class="image_cluster_layout_style_default_External_0_0"><div class="image_cluster_layout_style_default"><p style="padding-top: 0pt; " class="Caption">From Rowley and Currie (2006)<br/></p><p style="padding-bottom: 0pt; " class="Caption">Estimated isotopic composition of paleo-surface and soil waters from Lunpola Basin carbonates. Middle Nuibao and Dingqing Formations are lacustrine carbonates, Upper Niobao are paleosol-derived carbonate nodules. Inset graph of expected relationship of <span class="style_3" lang="--multilingual">δ</span><span class="style_4" lang="--multilingual">18</span><span class="style_5" lang="--multilingual">Oc versus </span><span class="style_3" lang="--multilingual">δ</span><span class="style_4" lang="--multilingual">13</span><span class="style_5" lang="--multilingual">Cc during evaporation as indicated with the arrow. </span></p></div></div> Figure 10 from Rowley and Garzione (2007) Summary of paleoelevation evolution of the Himalayas (red ) and southern (dark blue), central (light blue), and northern (green) Tibet plateau based primarily on fossil faunal and floral data [see ovals, triangles, and stratigraphic ranges (boxes) from Mercier et al. (1987)]. The horizontal dimension of the boxes represents uncertainty of age, and the vertical dimension estimated uncertainty of elevation. Dashed lines represent previous estimates of the elevation history. Solid lines represent elevation histories constrained by isotoped-based paleoaltimetry. The upper gray curve is a generalized curve reflecting crust and mantle lithosphere thickening followed by convective removal of the mantle lithosphere at approximately 8 Ma based on England & Houseman (1986) and Molnar et al. (1993). The lower gray curve is based on faunal and floral interpretations as in Mercier et al. (1987). http://geosci.uchicago.edu/%7Erowley/Rowley/Paleoaltimetry-3.html#10 c3ba0cbb-2b97-4771-88dc-42fc88a7a398 http://geosci.uchicago.edu/%7Erowley/Rowley/Paleoaltimetry-3_files/Media/droppedImage_9/thumb.jpg http://geosci.uchicago.edu/%7Erowley/Rowley/Paleoaltimetry-3_files/Media/droppedImage_9/micro.jpg <div style="padding: 0px; " class="image_cluster_layout_style_default_External_0_0"><div class="image_cluster_layout_style_default"><p style="padding-top: 0pt; " class="Caption">Figure 10 from Rowley and Garzione (2007)<br/></p><p style="padding-bottom: 0pt; " class="paragraph_style"><span style="line-height: 10px; " class="style_1">Summary of paleoelevation evolution of the Himalayas (red</span><span style="line-height: 14px; " class="style_2"> </span><span style="line-height: 10px; " class="style_1">) and southern (dark blue), central</span><span style="line-height: 14px; " class="style_2"> </span><span style="line-height: 10px; " class="style_1"> (light blue), and northern (green) Tibet plateau based primarily on fossil faunal and floral data</span><span style="line-height: 14px; " class="style_2"> </span><span style="line-height: 10px; " class="style_1"> [see</span><span style="line-height: 14px; " class="style_2"> </span><span style="line-height: 10px; " class="style_1">ovals,</span><span style="line-height: 14px; " class="style_2"> </span><span style="line-height: 10px; " class="style_1">triangles, and stratigraphic ranges (boxes) from Mercier et al. (1987)]. The horizontal</span><span style="line-height: 14px; " class="style_2"> </span><span style="line-height: 10px; " class="style_1"> dimension of the boxes represents uncertainty of age, and the vertical dimension estimated</span><span style="line-height: 14px; " class="style_2"> </span><span style="line-height: 10px; " class="style_1">uncertainty of elevation. Dashed lines represent previous estimates of the elevation history.</span><span style="line-height: 14px; " class="style_2"> </span><span style="line-height: 10px; " class="style_1">Solid lines represent elevation histories constrained by isotoped-based paleoaltimetry. The</span><span style="line-height: 14px; " class="style_2"> </span><span style="line-height: 10px; " class="style_1">upper gray curve is a generalized curve reflecting crust and mantle lithosphere thickening</span><span style="line-height: 14px; " class="style_2"> </span><span style="line-height: 10px; " class="style_1">followed by convective removal of the mantle lithosphere at approximately 8 Ma based on</span><span style="line-height: 14px; " class="style_2"> </span><span style="line-height: 10px; " class="style_1">England &amp; Houseman (1986) and Molnar et al. (1993). The lower gray curve is based on</span><span style="line-height: 14px; " class="style_2"> </span><span style="line-height: 10px; " class="style_1">faunal and floral interpretations as in Mercier et al. (1987).</span><span style="line-height: 14px; " class="style_2"> </span></p></div></div> Himalaya and Tibetan plateau locations from which paleoelevation estimates have been published. Retrodicted size of the plateau above 4000 m as a function of time derived by scaling India-Asia convergence as discussed by Rowley & Currie (2006). http://geosci.uchicago.edu/%7Erowley/Rowley/Paleoaltimetry-3.html#11 73fe0129-9e6c-4ea7-b2e4-925b6134ea31 http://geosci.uchicago.edu/%7Erowley/Rowley/Paleoaltimetry-3_files/Media/droppedImage_10/thumb.jpg http://geosci.uchicago.edu/%7Erowley/Rowley/Paleoaltimetry-3_files/Media/droppedImage_10/micro.jpg <div style="padding: 0px; " class="image_cluster_layout_style_default_External_0_0"><div class="image_cluster_layout_style_default"><p style="padding-bottom: 0pt; padding-top: 0pt; " class="paragraph_style"><span style="line-height: 10px; " class="style_1">Himalaya and Tibetan plateau locations from which paleoelevation estimates have been</span><span style="line-height: 14px; " class="style_2"> </span><span style="line-height: 10px; " class="style_1">published. Retrodicted size of the plateau above 4000 m as a function of time derived by</span><span style="line-height: 14px; " class="style_2"> </span><span style="line-height: 10px; " class="style_1">scaling India-Asia convergence as discussed by Rowley &amp; Currie (2006).</span></p></div></div>